Creating a professional, clear mix is an art, and EQ (equalization) is one of the most powerful tools in a producer's arsenal. John Jesensky, an acclaimed music producer, has developed a systematic approach to EQ that helps bring clarity and cohesion to any mix. In this article, we’ll explore Jesensky’s tried-and-true EQ techniques, helping you create cleaner, more balanced mixes that let each element shine without overpowering others.
EQ is essential for controlling the tonal balance of each sound in a mix. By adjusting specific frequency ranges, you can highlight or reduce particular qualities, creating space for each instrument and achieving a cohesive sound. Jesensky emphasizes that EQ should be used to enhance natural characteristics rather than artificially alter sounds, as this approach preserves the authentic feel of the track while providing balance.
Before diving into specific techniques, it’s essential to understand the frequency spectrum. Each range serves a unique purpose in the mix:
With this understanding, you can apply EQ adjustments that enhance the specific qualities of each instrument without crowding other elements.
Subtractive EQ is Jesensky’s preferred starting point, as cutting frequencies is often more effective than boosting them. By removing unnecessary frequencies, you give each instrument its own “space.” For instance, applying a high-pass filter on non-bass instruments, such as guitars or keyboards, removes low frequencies that can interfere with the bass guitar and kick drum. Jesensky advises listening for “muddy” areas, particularly in the lower midrange, and subtly cutting frequencies to keep the mix clean and defined.
High-pass and low-pass filters are valuable tools for cleaning up mixes. A high-pass filter cuts low-end frequencies and can be used on almost any non-bass element, clearing out unnecessary bass. On the flip side, a low-pass filter can be applied to high-frequency instruments, focusing the energy on the lower end and preventing harshness. According to Jesensky, these filters are essential for ensuring that each instrument sits comfortably in the mix without conflicting with others.
The midrange is where vocals and most instruments reside, making it crucial for clarity and presence. To help vocals cut through the mix, Jesensky suggests gently boosting the frequencies between 1,000-3,000 Hz. This technique emphasizes vocal presence, making it easier to hear lyrics and melodies. However, it’s vital to apply boosts gradually, as too much emphasis can create a harsh sound. The goal is to ensure the vocals stand out without overpowering the rest of the mix.
One of Jesensky’s favorite techniques for adding sparkle to a mix is a high-frequency shelf, which enhances the “air” or brightness. He typically applies a high shelf around 8,000 Hz on elements like cymbals, acoustic guitars, and vocals, adding clarity and openness. Jesensky advises a subtle approach here—too much high-end can cause ear fatigue and make the mix sound artificial. The right balance will make the mix feel lively without becoming overly sharp.
To locate specific frequencies that may be muddy or harsh, Jesensky uses a technique called “sweeping.” This involves boosting a narrow EQ band and moving it across the frequency spectrum. When he finds a problematic sound, he gently reduces the frequency, helping to eliminate harshness or resonance. Sweeping is particularly helpful for removing “boxy” or “nasal” tones, which can be difficult to identify without an experienced ear.
Achieving a balanced mix requires attention to levels, EQ, and, ultimately, listening in context. Jesensky recommends doing most EQ adjustments while listening to the full mix rather than isolating tracks. This approach allows you to hear how each change affects the overall balance. He also advises comparing your mix to reference tracks in similar genres, providing a benchmark for frequency balance and tonal quality. This comparison can reveal areas where additional EQ adjustments are needed to achieve a more polished sound.
EQ can elevate a mix, but misusing it can lead to a cluttered or unnatural sound. Jesensky shares some key pitfalls to avoid:
Crafting clarity in your mix through EQ is an essential skill for any music producer, and John Jesensky’s methods demonstrate the power of subtle adjustments and careful listening. By using subtractive EQ to clear space, enhancing presence in the midrange, and adding brightness with high-frequency shelves, you can create balanced, professional-sounding mixes that capture the listener’s attention. With these techniques in your toolkit, you’re on the path to achieving a polished sound that showcases each element of your track in the best possible light.